China Posts Record $1.2tn Trade Surplus Despite Trump’s Tariff

•Exports to Africa jump 25.8%

Emmanuel Addeh in Abuja

China yesterday reported a record trade surplus of nearly $1.2 trillion in 2025, led by booming exports to non-U.S. markets as producers looked to build global scale to fend off sustained pressure from the Trump administration.

A push by policymakers for Chinese firms to diversify beyond the world’s top consumer market by shifting focus to Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America paid dividends, cushioning the economy against U.S. tariffs and intensifying trade, technology and geopolitical frictions since President Donald Trump returned to the White House last year.

Heading into 2026, the challenges for Beijing are plenty, including deflecting concerns from an increasing number of global capitals about China’s trade practices and overcapacity, as well as their overreliance on key Chinese products.

One of the key questions facing policymakers is for how long the $19 trillion economy can continue to counteract a property slump and sluggish domestic demand by shipping ever cheaper goods to other markets, a report by Reuters said,

The manufacturing juggernaut’s full-year trade surplus came in at $1.189 trillion – a figure on par with the GDP of a top-20 economy globally like Saudi Arabia – customs data showed on Wednesday, having broken the trillion-dollar ceiling for the first time in November.

“With more diversified trading partners, (China’s) ability to withstand risks has been significantly enhanced,” Wang Jun, a vice minister at China’s customs administration, said at a press briefing following the data release.

Outbound shipments from the world’s second-biggest economy grew 6.6 per cent in value terms year-on-year in December, compared with a 5.9 per cent increase in November. Economists polled by Reuters had expected a 3.0 per cent increase.

Imports were up 5.7 per cent, after a 1.9 per cent bump the month earlier and also beat a forecast for a 0.9 per cent uptick.

China’s yuan held steady following the upbeat data even as equity investors welcomed the forecast-beating numbers. The benchmark Shanghai Composite index and blue-chip index both rose more than 1 per cent in morning deals.

The Asian powerhouse economy’s monthly trade surpluses exceeded $100 billion seven times last year, partially underpinned by a weakened yuan, up from just once in 2024, underscoring that Trump’s actions have barely dented China’s broader trade with the wider world even if he has curbed U.S.-bound shipments.

Exports to the U.S. slumped 20 per cent in dollar terms in 2025, while imports from the world’s top economy were down 14.6 per cent . Chinese factories managed to make inroads in other markets, with exports to Africa jumping 25.8 per cent and those to the ASEAN bloc of Southeast Asian nations up 13.4 per cent . EU-bound shipments grew 8.4 per cent.

Besides, China’s rare-earth exports in 2025 surged to their highest level since at least 2014, even as Beijing began curbing shipments of several medium to heavy elements from April – a move analysts saw as an effort to showcase its leverage over Washington while negotiators wrangled over soybean purchases, a potential Boeing aircraft deal and the fate of TikTok’s U.S. operations.

The world’s top agricultural importer purchased a record volume of soybeans in 2025, buoyed by a sharp increase in shipments from South America, with Chinese buyers holding off from U.S. crops for much of the year as trade tensions lingered.

Economists expect China to continue gaining global market share this year, helped by Chinese firms setting up overseas production hubs that provide lower-tariff access to the United States and the European Union, as well as by strong demand for lower-grade chips and other electronics.

Beijing, however, has shown signs of recognising it must moderate its industrial largesse if it is to sustain its success, and address the image problem outsized exports are causing. Last week, it scrapped subsidy-like export tax rebates for its solar industry, a long-standing point of friction with EU states.